浅埋隧道围岩受施工扰动的时空变化规律研究

采用监测分析和数值模拟相结合的方法, 详细模拟了浅埋隧道施工的全过程, 得到不同施工情况下围岩的应力应变状态, 并深入分析围岩受施工扰动的应力变化规律和沉降变形趋势, 在此基础上, 采用非线性回归方法并考虑时间影响因素, 得到了地表沉降的时空变形规律.     

简支梯形底扁球壳弯曲问题的准格林函数方法

以简支梯形底扁球壳的弯曲问题为例,详细阐明了准格林函数方法的思想.即利用问题的基本解和边界方程构造一个准格林函数,这个函数满足了问题的齐次边界条件,采用格林公式将简支扁球壳弯曲问题的控制微分方程化为两个互相耦合的第二类Fredholm积分方程.边界方程有多种选择,在选定一种边界方程的基础上,可以通过建立一个新的边界方程...     

Interfacial long traveling waves in a two‐layer fluid with variable depth

Long wave propagation in a two‐layer fluid with variable depth is studied for specific bottom configurations, which allow waves to propagate over large distances. Such configurations are found within the linear shallow‐water theory and determined by a family of solutions of the second‐order ordinary differential equation (ODE) with three arbitrary constants. These solutions can be used to approximate the true bottom bathymetry. All such solutions represent smooth bottom profiles between two different singular points. The first singular point corresponds to the point where the two‐layer flow transforms into a uniform one. In the vicinity of this point nonlinear shallow‐water theory is used and the wave breaking criterion, which corresponds to the gradient catastrophe is found. The second bifurcation point corresponds to an infinite increase in water depth, which contradicts the shallow‐water assumption. This point is eliminated by matching the “nonreflecting” bottom profile with a flat bottom. The wave transformation at the matching point is described by the second‐order Fredholm equation and its approximated solution is then obtained. The results extend the theory of internal waves in inhomogeneous stratified fluids actively developed by Prof. Roger Grimshaw, to the new solutions types.     

SFE-SSD: 浅层特征增强的SSD算法在小目标检测问题中的研究与应用

SSD (Single Shot Multibox Dectetor)算法由于具有高速且高精度的检测性能,是目前最好的目标检测算法之一.但由于提取检测框的特征层的特征信息不足, SSD算法在小目标检测任务中表现不佳.为了解决这个问题,目前大部分方法以严重牺牲检测速度为代价提升目标检测模型的精度. 本文提出了SFE-SSD (Shallow Feature Enhancement SSD)提升SSD模型在小目标检测任务中的性能.首先我们采用反卷积操作对SSD算法中检测框金字塔特征层的最浅特征层进行特征扩张.接着通过特征融合机制对扩张后的特征层进行特征增强操作.浅层特征增强策略与SSD 的原始框提取金字塔特征层是并行结构,一定程度上是可以减少检测速度的损失.实验结果显示,我们的方法在PASCAL VOC 2007数据库上精度达到了78.4\%mAP高于SSD算法1.2\%,检测速度达到了81帧/秒,并且在小目标检测任务中有着显著的提升.     

Glyconectin Cell Adhesion Epitope, β-d-GlcpNAc3S-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp,Is Involved in Blastulation of Lytechinus pictus Sea Urchin Embryos

Glycans, as the most peripheral cell surface components, are the primary candidates to mediate the initial steps of cell recognition and adhesion via glycan–glycan binding. This molecular mechanism was quantitatively demonstrated by biochemical and biophysical measurements at the cellular and molecular level for the glyconectin 1 β-d-GlcpNAc3S-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp glycan structure (GN1). The use of adhesion blocking monoclonal antibody Block 2 that specifically recognize this epitope showed that, besides Porifera, human colon carcinoma also express this structure in the apical glycocalyx. Here we report that Block 2 selectively immune-precipitate a Mr 580 × 10³ (g580) acidic non-glycosaminoglycan glycan from the total protein-free glycans of Lytechinus pictus sea urchin hatched blastula embryos. Immuno-fluorescence confocal light microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy localized the GN1 structure in the apical lamina glycocalyx attachments of ectodermal cells microvilli, and in the Golgi complex. Biochemical and immune-chemical analyses showed that the g580 glycan is carrying about 200 copies of the GN1 epitope. This highly polyvalent g580 glycan is one of the major components of the glycocalyx structure, maximally expressed at hatched blastula and gastrula. The involvement of g580 GN1 epitope in hatched blastula cell adhesion was demonstrated by: (1) enhancement of cell aggregation by g580 and sponge g200 glycans, (2) inhibition of cell reaggregation by Block 2, (3) dissociation of microvilli from the apical lamina matrix by the loss of its gel-like structure resulting in a change of the blastula embryonal form and consequent inhibition of gastrulation at saturating concentration of Block 2, and (4) aggregation of beads coated with the immune-purified g580 protein-free glycan. These results, together with the previous atomic force microscopy measurements of GN1 binding strength, indicated that this highly polyvalent and calcium ion dependent glycan–glycan binding can provide the force of 40 nanonewtons per single ectodermal cell association of microvilli with the apical lamina, and conservation of glycocalyx gel-like structure. This force can hold the weight of 160,000 cells in sea water, thus it is sufficient to establish, maintain and preserve blastula form after hatching, and prior to the complete formation of further stabilizing basal lamina.     

缓变下垫面对浅水方程的动力学订正

讨论了当下垫面随时间缓慢变化时浅水方程的形式. 从控制大气运动的连续性方程和动量方程出发, 将下垫面的缓慢变化作为一个小量叠加到固有下垫面函数上, 利用大气的上下边界条件, 得到改进的浅水方程. 在改进的浅水方程中, 由缓变局部水平体积散度, 订正了局部水平体积散度和流体局部厚度变化之间的平衡, 在此基础上得到包含下垫面缓变的涡度方程.     

黄土高原中部秋季干湿的年际和年代际环流异常特征及与海温的多尺度相关性研究

黄土高原地区作为气候敏感区和生态脆弱区地表干 湿状况的年际和年代际变化特征十分明显. 但以往主要是针对夏季进行分析, 而对黄土高原秋季干湿变化规律及大气环流机理的认识非常有限. 本文基于中国589站最近50 a (1961–2010年)月降水和气温月平均资料、NCEP/NCAR提供的再分析资料以及NOAA提供的海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature, SST) 资料, 运用带通/低通滤波、小波分析、EOF/REOF和回归分析等方法, 在对中国秋季干湿时空演化分类的基础上, 通过研究秋季黄土高原中部干湿演变周期、大气环流特征及与海温的多尺度相关关系, 以揭示影响黄土高原中部秋季干湿变化的物理机理, 并确定影响该区域干湿状况的前兆信号. 小波功率谱分析表明, 黄土高原中部秋季干湿指数存在准4 a和准8 a的周期, 1970–1990年准8 a尺度周期振荡尤为明显. 年际(周期≤ 8 a) 尺度上偏湿年的大气环流特征是, 欧亚大陆中高纬呈“双阻型”, 200 hPa西风急流显著北移, 日本海-鄂霍茨克海受反气旋控制, 其底部的偏东水汽输送带将水汽输入研究区. 年代际(周期 > 8 a)尺度上偏湿年的大气环流特征是, 东亚大陆为一致的低值系统; 200 hPa东亚副热带西风急流减弱北移, 研究区主要水汽来源由经孟加拉湾在中南半岛转向的南风水汽输送及中纬度的西风水汽输送组成. 整个序列上, Nino3区SST指数(Nino3I)超前5个月与秋季干湿指数已呈显著的负相关关系, 而孟加拉湾–中国南海SST指数(BayI)则超前3个月与干湿指数呈现显著的负相关关系. 年际尺度上, 秋季Nino3I, BayI均与秋季干湿指数存在显著相关(准4 a, 4–6 a), 而年代际尺度上, 只有BayI与秋季干湿指数存在显著相关性(准10 a). 黄土高原中部秋季干湿的年际和年代际周期的确定、大气环流异常特征的认识及与海温的多尺度相关关系的建立, 不仅揭示了影响该区域干湿变化的物理机理, 也为干旱气候预测提供了重要的前兆信号. 关键词： 黄土高原中部 干湿特征 海表温度 小波分析     

Lattice Boltzmann methods for shallow water flow applications

We apply the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method for solving the shallow water equations with source terms such as the bed slope and bed friction. Our aim is to use a simple and accurate representation of the source terms in order to simulate practical shallow water flows without relying on upwind discretization or Riemann problem solvers. We validate the algorithm on problems where analytical solutions are available. The numerical results are in good agreement with analytical solutions. Furthermore, we test the method on a practical problem by simulating mean flow in the Strait of Gibraltar. The main focus is to examine the performance of the LB method for complex geometries with irregular bathymetry. The results demonstrate its ability to capture the main flow features. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅水域中多船编队航行时的船波干涉

以Green-Naghdi(GN)方程为基础,采用波动方程和运动网格的有限元法研究多船在浅水域中集体航行时的波浪干涉特性。把运动船舶对水面的扰动作为移动压强直接加在GN方程里,以描述运动船体和水面的相互作用。GN方程合理地考虑非线性和频率散射对浅水船波的影响。以Series60 CB=0.6船体为算例,给出两船并行、前后跟随、三船品字形编队航行时的波浪干涉图形,波浪阻力及侧向力的数值分析结果。计算结果表明:1)当两船并行时,两船承受侧向吸引力,同时波浪阻力稍有增加。2)当两船前后跟随时,两船的波浪阻力都减小。3)当三船品字形航行时,前船的阻力减小,后船的阻力增加,同时后面两船的吸力减小。     

浅水体系中的多孤立波

形式分离变量法被推广应用于寻求不可积模型的多孤立波解.特别地,应用形式分离变量法于三个描述浅水体系的非线性方程:推广WhithamBroerKaup(WBK)方程、2+1维耦合KortewegdeVries(KdV)方程和1+1维耦合KdV方程,给出了这些体系的明显的解析的多孤立波解 关键词： 浅水体系 多孤立波 形式分离变量法 不可积模型